Pengaruh Program Manajemen Mandiri Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56742/nchat.v5i1.89Abstract
Program manajemen mandiri telah dikembangkan untuk memberdayakan pasien dalam mengelola kondisi mereka secara mandiri, dengan tujuan tidak hanya mengendalikan glikemia, tetapi juga meningkatkan kualitas hidup secara keseluruhan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh program manajemen mandiri terhadap kualitas hidup pasien DM melalui telaah sistematis literatur, serta mengidentifikasi pola temuan yang konsisten, efektivitas berbagai pendekatan intervensi, dan faktor-faktor pendukung maupun penghambat implementasi program. Studi ini merupakan tinjauan sistematis yang disusun mengikuti panduan PRISMA 2020. Literatur dikumpulkan dari basis data elektronik seperti PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Studi yang disertakan mencakup uji coba terkontrol acak (RCT), studi quasi-eksperimental, dan kohort yang memfokuskan pada intervensi manajemen mandiri dan mengukur kualitas hidup dengan instrumen valid seperti SF-36, WHOQOL, EQ-5D, dan DQOL. Dari 10 studi yang dianalisis, mayoritas menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam berbagai domain kualitas hidup pasien setelah mengikuti program manajemen mandiri. Intervensi yang mencakup edukasi terstruktur, dukungan sebaya, dan penggunaan teknologi digital menunjukkan hasil positif, terutama dalam aspek fisik dan psikososial. Studi RCT menunjukkan hasil yang lebih konsisten dibanding desain lainnya. Meskipun demikian, variasi dalam desain studi dan instrumen pengukuran masih menjadi tantangan dalam generalisasi temuan. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa program manajemen mandiri terbukti memberikan dampak positif terhadap kualitas hidup pasien DM. Intervensi yang kontekstual, berkelanjutan, dan melibatkan pasien secara aktif memiliki potensi lebih besar dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan mereka.
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