Profil Penyakit Mata Terkait Paparan Sinar UV di Klinik Mata SMEC Samarinda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56742/nchat.v7i1.346Keywords:
Deforestasi, Degenerasi Makula, Kebutaan, Pterigium, UltravioletAbstract
Paparan sinar UV berlebih merupakan faktor risiko penting terjadinya berbagai penyakit mata yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan penglihatan berat hingga kebutaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan profil penyakit mata yang berhubungan dengan paparan sinar ultraviolet di Klinik Mata SMEC Samarinda serta dampaknya terhadap fungsi penglihatan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis pasien periode 2022–2025. Penyakit yang dianalisis meliputi pterigium, dan degenerasi makula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total sampel sebanyak 749 pasien, terdiri atas 470 kasus pterigium (62.7%) dan 279 kasus degenerasi makula (37.3%). Secara tahunan, tren kasus pterigium meningkat dari 52 kasus pada tahun 2022 menjadi 186 kasus pada tahun 2025, sementara kasus degenerasi makula (wet AMD) meningkat dari 46 kasus pada tahun 2022 menjadi 78 kasus pada tahun 2025.Dampak klinis menunjukkan pterigium menyebabkan gangguan penglihatan berat hingga kebutaan pada 5% kasus dan bersifat reversibel, sedangkan degenerasi makula menyebabkan gangguan penglihatan berat hingga kebutaan pada 26% kasus yang bersifat irreversibel. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa adanya peningkatan kasus degenerasi retina yang berhubungan dengan paparan UV dan menyebabkan kebutaan yang bersifat irreversibel.
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