Efektivitas Intervensi Edukasi Gizi pada Ibu Hamil dengan Anemia dalam Pelayanan ANC: A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56742/nchat.v6i2.309Keywords:
Edukasi Gizi, Anemia, Ibu Hamil, Antenatal Care, IntervensiAbstract
Edukasi gizi merupakan salah satu intervensi yang berpotensi meningkatkan status gizi dan mencegah anemia selama kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas intervensi edukasi gizi pada ibu hamil dengan anemia dalam pelayanan antenatal care (ANC). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan narrative review dengan mengacu pada pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada database Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect untuk artikel yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2020–2025 menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci terkait edukasi gizi, anemia kehamilan, dan antenatal care. Kriteria inklusi meliputi studi eksperimental dan quasi-eksperimental yang melibatkan ibu hamil dengan intervensi edukasi gizi serta outcome terkait kadar hemoglobin, perilaku konsumsi zat besi, atau kepatuhan suplementasi. Sebanyak 135 artikel teridentifikasi dan setelah proses seleksi diperoleh 10 studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa intervensi edukasi gizi secara konsisten meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin, memperbaiki pola konsumsi makanan kaya zat besi, serta meningkatkan kepatuhan konsumsi suplementasi zat besi pada ibu hamil. Efektivitas intervensi cenderung lebih tinggi pada program yang dilakukan secara berulang, terintegrasi dalam pelayanan ANC, dan menggunakan pendekatan behavior change communication (BCC). Variasi efektivitas antar studi dipengaruhi oleh intensitas intervensi, metode penyampaian edukasi, karakteristik peserta, serta faktor sosial dan budaya. Edukasi gizi merupakan strategi yang efektif dalam pencegahan dan penanggulangan anemia pada ibu hamil. Integrasi edukasi gizi berbasis perubahan perilaku dalam pelayanan ANC serta penguatan kapasitas tenaga kesehatan perlu menjadi prioritas untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan program kesehatan maternal.
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