Determinasi Sosial dan Klinis terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi Gestasional pada Ibu Hamil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56742/nchat.v5i1.96Abstract
Hipertensi gestasional merupakan komplikasi kehamilan yang signifikan, berkontribusi terhadap morbiditas ibu dan janin. Kondisi ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor determinan sosial dan klinis. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan merangkum faktor-faktor tersebut berdasarkan literatur ilmiah yang dipublikasikan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir (2015–2025). Pencarian dilakukan di basis data PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar, menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci dan operator Boolean. Delapan studi terpilih meliputi desain potong lintang, kohort, dan kasus-kontrol, dengan variasi lokasi geografis termasuk India, Amerika Serikat, Ethiopia, dan Polandia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial seperti pendidikan rendah, status ekonomi rendah, tinggal di pedesaan, stres psikososial, dan diskriminasi rasial, serta faktor klinis seperti indeks massa tubuh (IMT) tinggi, riwayat hipertensi, dan komorbiditas kardiovaskular berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan risiko hipertensi gestasional. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa pentingnya integrasi pendekatan sosial dan klinis dalam strategi pencegahan dan manajemen hipertensi pada kehamilan.
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