Risiko Lingkungan Terhadap Kejadian Leptospirosis Pada Petani: Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56742/nchat.v5i2.167Keywords:
Faktor Risiko Lingkungan, Leptospirosis, Petani, Scoping ReviewAbstract
Leptospirosis adalah penyakit zoonosis yang kerap menyerang petani akibat kontak dengan lingkungan yang terkontaminasi Leptospira. Faktor lingkungan seperti kondisi fisik tempat tinggal dan iklim berperan penting dalam penularan, terutama di wilayah tropis dengan sanitasi buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan risiko lingkungan terhadap kejadian leptospirosis pada petani melalui scoping review terhadap 9 artikel terbitan 2020–2024 berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris. Artikel yang dipilih merupakan penelitian primer dengan desain observasional atau ekologi, sedangkan editorial dan artikel tanpa bahasan lingkungan dikeluarkan. Proses telaah meliputi pencarian literatur, penyaringan, ekstraksi data, dan sintesis naratif, serta penilaian kualitas menggunakan JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist yang menunjukkan metodologi studi umumnya kuat. Hasil kajian mengungkap bahwa kepadatan hunian, sanitasi buruk, keberadaan tikus, vegetasi lebat, dataran rendah, dan banjir meningkatkan risiko leptospirosis. Faktor iklim seperti curah hujan tinggi, suhu hangat, dan kelembaban juga memperpanjang daya hidup bakteri. Selain itu, perilaku petani terkait kebersihan dan penggunaan APD turut memengaruhi kejadian penyakit. Kesimpulan: faktor lingkungan fisik dan iklim berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kejadian leptospirosis pada petani.
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